Scheme of float-zone chamber/process

How to easily overcome hiccups

Focusing on easy breathing and simultaneously "simulating" small pressure in the area of abdomen. The hiccups fades away in a moment.

Preaparing Ag electrode

How to prepare silver chloride electrode

Procedure:

1)	pure $Ag$ wire
2)	surface cleaning in $HNO_3$
3)	oxide removing in concentrated $NH_3$
4)	electroless deposition in mixture of $FeCl_3$ 0.25 mol/l and $HCl$ 0.20 mol/l

Alternatively the $AgCl$ layer can be formed electrochemically in acidic NaCl solution (addition of $HCl$) at low current density (up to 1 A/$dm^2$ ). Higher concentrations of $HCl$ will cause the dissolution of $AgCl$ film.

Fundamentals of physical chemistry

Wait for it

Heat capacity	Work
$c_p=\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial T}\right)_p$	$dW=-pdV$
$c_V=\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial T}\right)_V$

Laws of thermodynamics

1st	$dU=dQ+dW$
2nd	$ dS= \frac{dQ}{T} $
3rd	$\lim_{T \to 0}=0$

Simplified definitions of energies

$dU=dQ+dW$
$ dH= dU+d(pV) $
$dF=dU-d(TS)$
$dG=dH-d(TS)$
	$dH=TdS-pdV+pdV+Vdp$
	$dF=TdS-pdV-TdS-SdT$
	$dG=TdS+Vdp-TdS-SdT$
	$dH=TdS+Vdp$
	$dF=-pdV-SdT$
	$dG=Vdp-SdT$
$dU=TdS-pdV$
$ dH= TdS+Vdp $
$ dF=-SdT-pdV$
$dG=-Sdt+Vdp$

Omega (angular frequency) and electrical resistance and capacitance

Derivation: how is angular frequency ralated to electrical resistance and capacitance

simplify notation

$ Q=I \cdot t \qquad [Q]=C,\quad [I]=A,\quad [t]=s $

$ I=\frac{E}{R} \qquad [E]=V,\quad [I]=A,\quad [R]=\Omega $

$ C=\frac{Q}{E} \qquad [E]=V,\quad [Q]=C,\quad [C]=F $

$ I=\frac{Q}{t} \qquad E=\frac{Q}{C} $

$ I=\frac{E}{R} \mid E=\frac{Q}{C} \quad \rightarrow \quad I=\frac{Q}{R \cdot C} $

$ I=\frac{Q}{R \cdot C} \mid I=\frac{Q}{t} \quad \rightarrow \quad \frac{Q}{t}=\frac{Q}{R \cdot C} $

$ \frac{Q}{t}=\frac{Q}{R \cdot C} \mid :Q \quad \rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{t}=\frac{1}{R \cdot C} $

$ \frac{1}{t}=f \qquad [t]=s,\quad [f]=\frac{1}{s} $

$ \omega = 2 \Pi f \qquad [\omega]=\frac{1}{s},\quad [\Pi]=\varnothing ,\quad [f]=\frac{1}{s} $

$ \frac{1}{t}=\frac{1}{R \cdot C} = \omega $